国务院办公厅关于加快林下经济发展的意见
国务院办公厅
国务院办公厅关于加快林下经济发展的意见
国办发〔2012〕42号
各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院各部委、各直属机构:
近年来，各地区大力发展以林下种植、林下养殖、相关产品采集加工和森林景观利用等为主要内容的林下经济，取得了积极成效，对于增加农民收入、巩固集体林权制度改革和生态建设成果、加快林业产业结构调整步伐发挥了重要作用。为加快林下经济发展，经国务院同意，现提出以下意见。
一、总体要求
（一）指导思想。以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导，深入贯彻落实科学发展观，在保护生态环境的前提下，以市场为导向，科学合理利用森林资源，大力推进专业合作组织和市场流通体系建设，着力加强科技服务、政策扶持和监督管理，促进林下经济向集约化、规模化、标准化和产业化发展，为实现绿色增长，推动社会主义新农村建设作出更大贡献。
（二）基本原则。坚持生态优先，确保生态环境得到保护；坚持因地制宜，确保林下经济发展符合实际；坚持政策扶持，确保农民得到实惠；坚持机制创新，确保林地综合生产效益得到持续提高。
（三）总体目标。努力建成一批规模大、效益好、带动力强的林下经济示范基地，重点扶持一批龙头企业和农民林业专业合作社，逐步形成“一县一业，一村一品”的发展格局，增强农民持续增收能力，林下经济产值和农民林业综合收入实现稳定增长，林下经济产值占林业总产值的比重显著提高。
二、主要任务
（四）科学规划林下经济发展。要结合国家特色农产品区域布局，制定专项规划，分区域确定林下经济发展的重点产业和目标。要把林下经济发展与森林资源培育、天然林保护、重点防护林体系建设、退耕还林、防沙治沙、野生动植物保护及自然保护区建设等生态建设工程紧密结合，根据当地自然条件和市场需求等情况，充分发挥农民主体作用，尊重农民意愿，突出当地特色，合理确定林下经济发展方向和模式。
（五）推进示范基地建设。积极引进和培育龙头企业，大力推广“龙头企业+专业合作组织+基地+农户”运作模式，因地制宜发展品牌产品，加大产品营销和品牌宣传力度，形成一批各具特色的林下经济示范基地。通过典型示范，推广先进实用技术和发展模式，辐射带动广大农民积极发展林下经济。推动龙头企业集群发展，增强区域经济发展实力。鼓励企业在贫困地区建立基地，帮助扶贫对象参与林下经济发展，加快脱贫致富步伐。
（六）提高科技支撑水平。加大科技扶持和投入力度，重点加强适宜林下经济发展的优势品种的研究与开发。加快构建科技服务平台，切实加强技术指导。积极搭建农民、企业与科研院所合作平台，加快良种选育、病虫害防治、森林防火、林产品加工、储藏保鲜等先进实用技术的转化和科技成果推广。强化人才培养，积极开展龙头企业负责人和农民培训。
（七）健全社会化服务体系。支持农民林业专业合作组织建设，提高农民发展林下经济的组织化水平和抗风险能力。推进林权管理服务机构建设，为农民提供林权评估、交易、融资等服务。鼓励相关专业协会建设，充分发挥其政策咨询、信息服务、科技推广、行业自律等作用。加快社会化中介服务机构建设，为广大农民和林业生产经营者提供方便快捷的服务。
（八）加强市场流通体系建设。积极培育林下经济产品的专业市场，加快市场需求信息公共服务平台建设，健全流通网络，引导产销衔接，降低流通成本，帮助农民规避市场风险。支持连锁经营、物流配送、电子商务、农超对接等现代流通方式向林下经济产品延伸，促进贸易便利化。努力开拓国际市场，提高林下经济对外开放水平。
（九）强化日常监督管理。严格土地用途管制，依法执行林木采伐制度，严禁以发展林下经济为名擅自改变林地性质或乱砍乱伐、毁坏林木。要充分考虑当地生态承载能力，适量、适度、合理发展林下经济。依法加强森林资源资产评估、林地承包经营权和林木所有权流转管理。
（十）提高林下经济发展水平。支持发展市场短缺品种，优化林下经济结构，切实帮助相关企业提高经营管理水平。积极促进林下经济产品深加工，提高产品质量和附加值。不断延伸产业链条，大力发展林业循环经济。开展林下经济产品生态原产地保护工作。完善林下经济产品标准和检测体系，确保产品使用和食用安全。
三、政策措施
（十一）加大投入力度。要逐步建立政府引导，农民、企业和社会为主体的多元化投入机制。充分发挥现代农业生产发展资金、林业科技推广示范资金等专项资金的作用，重点支持林下经济示范基地与综合生产能力建设，促进林下经济技术推广和农民林业专业合作组织发展。通过以奖代补等方式支持林下经济优势产品集中开发。发展改革、财政、水利、农业、商务、林业、扶贫等部门要结合各地林下经济发展的需求和相关资金渠道，对符合条件的项目予以支持。天然林保护、森林抚育、公益林管护、退耕还林、速生丰产用材林基地建设、木本粮油基地建设、农业综合开发、科技富民、新品种新技术推广等项目，以及林业基本建设、技术转让、技术改造等资金，应紧密结合各自项目建设的政策、规划等，扶持林下经济发展。
（十二）强化政策扶持。对符合小型微型企业条件的农民林业专业合作社、合作林场等，可享受国家相关扶持政策。符合税收相关规定的农民生产林下经济产品，应依法享受有关税收优惠政策。支持符合条件的龙头企业申请国家相关扶持资金。对生态脆弱区域、少数民族地区和边远地区发展林下经济，要重点予以扶持。
（十三）加大金融支持力度。各银行业金融机构要积极开展林权抵押贷款、农民小额信用贷款和农民联保贷款等业务，加大对林下经济发展的有效信贷投入。充分发挥财政贴息政策的带动和引导作用，中央财政对符合条件的林下经济发展项目加大贴息扶持力度。
（十四）加快基础设施建设。要加大林下经济相关基础设施的投入力度，将其纳入各地基础设施建设规划并优先安排，结合新农村建设有关要求，加快道路、水利、通信、电力等基础设施建设，切实解决农民发展林下经济基础设施薄弱的难题。
（十五）加强组织领导和协调配合。地方各级人民政府要把林下经济发展列入重要议事日程，明确目标任务，完善政策措施；要实行领导负责制，完善激励机制，层层落实责任，并将其纳入干部考核内容；要充分发挥基层组织作用，注重增强村级集体经济实力。各有关部门要依据各自职责，加强监督检查、监测统计和信息沟通，充分发挥管理、指导、协调和服务职能，形成共同支持林下经济发展的合力。
各地区、各部门要结合实际，研究制定贯彻落实本意见的具体办法，加强舆论宣传，加大扶持力度，努力营造有利于林下经济健康发展的良好环境。
国务院办公厅
2012年7月30日
PROTECTION OF WAGES ON INSOLVENCY ORDINANCE ——附加英文版
Hong Kong
PROTECTION OF WAGES ON INSOLVENCY ORDINANCE
(CHAPTER 380)
CONTENTS
ion
I PRELIMINARY
hort title
nterpretation
II PROTECTION OF WAGES ON INSOLVENCY FUND BOARD
stablishment and incorporation of Wages on Insolvency Fund Board
unctions and powers of the Board
oard to be subject to directions of the Governor in Council
III FUND
stablishment of Protection of Wages on Insolvency Fund
ayments from the Fund
IV FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
inancial year and estimates
ank account
Investment of moneys
Accounts
Auditors
Statements and reports to be laid on table of Legislative Council
Costs of administering the Fund
V PAYMENT FROM THE FUND
Entitlement to apply for ex gratia payment
Payment
Review by Board
Additional power of Commissioner
Verification of application
Decisions under this Part not to be challenged
Power of Commissioner to delegate
Payment not to affect right to legal aid
Proof by certificate
VI RECOVERY OF PAYMENTS
Subrogation
Recovery of payment made by mistake
VII MISCELLANEOUS
Offences
Regulations
Power of Governor to amend Schedule
Transitional
dule Protection of Wages on Insolvency Fund Board
rovide for the establishment of a board to administer the
Protection
ages on Insolvency Fund, to provide for payment of monies from
the
to employees whose employers become insolvent; and for matters
ected therewith or incidental thereto.
April 1985] L. N. 100 of 1985
PART I PRELIMINARY
hort title
Ordinance may be cited as the Protection of Wages on
Insolvency
nance.
nterpretation
his Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--
licant" means any person who would, on the winding up of a company,
be
tled to priority under section 265 (1) (b), (c), (ca) or (cc) of
the
anies Ordinance (Cap. 32) or who would, on a bankruptcy, be
entitled
riority under section 38 (1) (b), (c), (ca) or (cc) of the
Bankruptcy
nance (Cap. 6) other than a person whose employer is an individual
and
is a member of the family of that employer and who dwells in the
same
ling as that employer; (Amended 48 of 1987 s. 2; 38 of 1989 s.
2)
kruptcy petition" means a bankruptcy petition under the
Bankruptcy
nance (Cap. 6);
rd" means the Protection of Wages on Insolvency Fund Board
established
ection 3;
missioner" means the Commissioner for Labour;
pany" means any body which is liable to be wound up
under the
anies Ordinance (Cap. 32);
ancial year" means the financial year of the Fund fixed under
section
Fund" means the Protection of Wages on Insolvency Fund referred
to in
ion 6;
y" has the meaning assigned to it by section 2 of the
Business
stration Ordinance (Cap. 310);
everance payment" means a severance payment payable by an
employer to
mployee under section 31B (1) of the Employment Ordinance (Cap.
57);
laced 45 of 1991 s. 2)
"wages" means wages or salary in respect of
h an applicant would, on the winding up of a company, be entitled
to
rity under section 265 (1) (b) or (c) of the Companies Ordinance
(Cap.
or who would, on a bankruptcy, be entitled to priority under
section
1) (b) or (c) of the Bankruptcy Ordinance (Cap. 6), save
that the
nt specified in section 265 (1) (b) or (c) of the Companies
Ordinance
. 32) or section 38 (1) (b) or (c) of the Bankruptcy Ordinance
(Cap.
as the case may be) as the maximum amount in respect of
which an
icant would be entitled to priority, or any amount
substituted
efor under section 265 (1A) or (1B) of the Companies Ordinance
(Cap.
or (as the case may be) section 38 (2), (2A) or (2B) of the
Bankruptcy
nance (Cap. 6), shall not apply; (Amended 15 of 1993 s. 2)
"wages in lieu of notice" means wages in lieu of notice in respect
of
h an applicant would, on the winding up of a company, be entitled
to
rity under section 265 (1) (cc) of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.
32),
ould, in a bankruptcy, be entitled to priority under section 38
(1)
of the Bankruptcy Ordinance (Cap. 6), save that the amount
specified
ection 265 (1) (cc) of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32) or
section 38
(cc) of the Bankruptcy Ordinance (Cap. 6) (as the case may be)
as the
mum amount in respect of which an applicant would be
entitled to
rity shall not apply; (Added 48 of 1987 s. 2. Amended 15 of 1993
s. 2)
ding-up petition" means a winding-up petition under Part V or X
of the
anies Ordinance (Cap. 32).
PART II PROTECTION OF WAGES ON INSOLVENCY FUND BOARD
stablishment and incorporation of Wages on Insolvency Fund Board
There is hereby established a board to be known as the Protection
of
s on Insolvency Fund Board and in the Chinese language as which
shall
body corporate.
The Board shall consist of a Chairman appointed under the Schedule
and
more than 10 members appointed by the Governor as follows--
subject to paragraph (b) not more than 4 public officers;
equal numbers of persons who, in his opinion, represent employers
and
ons who, in his opinion, represent employees.
The Governor shall give notice of each appointment by notice in
the
tte.
The Schedule shall have effect with respect to the Board.
unctions and powers of the Board
The Board shall have the following functions--
to administer the Fund;
to make recommendations to the Governor with respect to the
rate of
; and
to perform such other duties as are imposed or other powers as
are
erred on it by this Ordinance.
The Board may do all such things as are necessary for, or
incidental
onducive to, the better carrying out of the functions of the Board
and
in particular, but without prejudice to the generality
of the
going--
hold, acquire or lease all kinds of property whether
movable or
vable;
sell or otherwise dispose of all kinds of property whether movable
or
vable;
subject to section 10, invest its funds in such manner and to
such
nt as it thinks necessary or expedient; and
with the prior consent of the Financial Secretary, borrow
money in
manner and on such securities or terms as it thinks expedient.
oard to be subject to directions of the Governor in Council
Governor in Council may give to the Board such directions as he
thinks
with respect to the exercise of its functions under this Ordinance
and
Board shall comply with any such direction.
PART III FUND
stablishment of Protection of Wages on Insolvency Fund
fund known as the Protection of Wages on Insolvency Fund
established
r the provisions of section 21 of the Business Registration
Ordinance
. 310) in force immediately before the commencement of this
Ordinance
l be deemed to be established and continue in existence under
this
ion, and shall consist of--
moneys that are paid by the Commissioner of Inland Revenue under
that
ion whether paid before or after the commencement of this
Ordinance;
moneys recovered under Part VI;
interest and other income derived from the moneys and
investments
rising the Fund; and
other moneys lawfully paid into the Fund.
ayments from the Fund
e shall be paid from the Fund the following--
payments to applicants under section 16;
expenses incurred by the Board for the purposes of this Ordinance;
capital, interest and charges in respect of any loan; and
any other sums required or permitted to be paid by the Fund under
this
nance.
PART IV FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
inancial year and estimates
The Board may, from time to time, with the prior approval
of the
rnor, fix a period to be the financial year of the Fund.
In each financial year, before a date to be fixed by the Governor,
the
d shall submit to the Governor, for his approval, estimates
of the
me and expenditure of the Fund for the next financial year:
ided that the estimates for the first financial year of the Fund
shall
ubmitted as soon as practicable after the commencement
of this
nance.
The Governor shall consider the estimates submitted to
him under
ection (2) and may approve or reject them and, in the
case of
ction, may require the Board to resubmit the estimates
modified in
manner and within such time as the Governor may direct.
The Board may, from time to time, vary the estimates approved
under
ection (3) and shall, as soon as practicable, deliver to the
Governor
atement in writing containing details of any variation.
ank account
Board shall open and maintain an account with a bank approved by
the
ncial Secretary and shall pay all moneys of the Fund
into that
unt.
Investment of moneys
moneys of the Fund that are not immediately required by the Board
may
deposited on fixed term or call deposit or in a savings account
in
bank licensed under the Banking Ordinance (Cap. 155); or
with the prior approval of the Financial Secretary, invested in
such
r investments as the Board thinks fit.
Accounts
Board shall--
keep and maintain such accounts and records of all transactions
of the
as the Director of Accounting Services may require; and
after the end of each financial year cause to be prepared a
statement
he accounts of the Fund which shall include an income and
expenditure
unt and balance sheet and shall be signed by the Chairman.
Auditors
The Board shall at the commencement of each financial year
appoint
tors, who shall be entitled to have access to all books of
account,
hers and other records kept by the Board and to
require such
rmation and explanations as they may think fit.
The auditors shall audit the statement of accounts prepared
under
ion 11 and shall report thereon to the Board.
Statements and reports to be laid on table of Legislative Council
The Board shall, within 6 months after the end of each financial
year
uch further time as the Governor may for any particular year
allow,
it to the Governor a report on the activities of the Board for
that
ncial year including copies of the statement of accounts
prepared
r section 11 and the report made under section 12.
The Governor shall cause the reports and statements received
by him
r subsection
to be laid on the table of the Legislative Council.
Costs of administering the Fund
All costs and expenses incurred by the Government in
administering the
shall be a charge upon general revenue.
The Financial Secretary may direct that a supervision fee
to be
rmined by him, in relation to such period as may be determined
by him,
l be charged against the income of the Fund and shall at a
time
rmined by him be paid to him by the Board from the Fund and paid
by
into general revenue.
PART V PAYMENT FROM THE FUND
Entitlement to apply for ex gratia payment
Subject to this Part, an applicant to whom--
wages are due and unpaid;
wages in lieu of notice are due and unpaid; or
the liability to be paid a severance payment has arisen
and the
rance payment is unpaid, whether or not the severance payment is
then
may apply for an ex gratia payment from the Fund in respect of
the
s, wages in lieu of notice or the severance payment, as the case
may
or all or any of them. (Replaced 38 of 1989 s. 3)
An application under subsection (1) (in this Part called an
lication" ) shall be made to the Commissioner in writing in a
form
oved by him. (Amended 48 of 1987 s. 3)
No applicant shall apply for payment from the Fund in respect of
any
s for services rendered before 1 April 1985.
No applicant shall apply for payment from the Fund in respect of
wages
ieu of notice arising out of a contract of employment
terminated
re the commencement of the Protection of Wages on Insolvency
ndment) Ordinance 1987 (48 of 1987). (Added 48 of 1987 s. 3)
No applicant shall apply for payment from the Fund in respect
of a
rance payment the liability for payment of which arose
before the
encement of the Protection of Wages on Insolvency
(Amendment)
nance 1989 (38 of 1989). (Added 38 of 1989 s. 3)
Payment
Subject to subsections (1B) and (2) where it appears
to the
issioner that an employer has failed to pay any wages, wages in
lieu
otice or severance payment, as the case may be, or all or any of
them
n applicant and that--
in the case of an employer who is not a company--
a bankruptcy petition has been presented against him; or
he has committed an act of bankruptcy within the meaning of
section 3
he Bankruptcy Ordinance (Cap. 6) but a petition cannot be
presented
nst him by reason of section 6 (1) (a) of that Ordinance; or
(Replaced
f 1988 s. 2)
in the case of an employer who is a company, a winding-uppetition
has
presented against that employer,
ay make an ex gratia payment to the applicant out of the Fund of
the
nt of the wages, wages in lieu of notice or severance payment,
as the
may be, or all or any of them.
When the Commissioner makes a payment under subsection (1) (a)
(ii),
hall give notice of the payment and the reasons therefor
in the
tte. (Added 41 of 1988 s. 2)
Where an application has been made in respect of a severance
payment
h is not due at the date of the application, the
Commissioner may
r consideration of the application until the severance payment
becomes
(Added 38 of 1989 s. 4)
The Commissioner shall not make any payment under subsection
(1)--
to the applicant unless the applicant has verified his
application by
atutory declaration in a form approved by the Commissioner;
) of an amount exceeding $18,000 in respect of wages; (Replaced
15 of
s. 3)
) (Repealed 15 of 1993 s. 3)
in respect of wages for services rendered more than 4 months prior
to
date of application;
in respect of wages in lieu of notice--
) of an amount exceeding--
the equivalent of 1 month's wages of the applicant; or
$6,000,
hever is the lesser; or (Amended 15 of 1993 s. 3)
subject to subsection (2A), which became due more than 4 months
prior
he date of application; or (Replaced 38 of 1989 s. 4)
in respect of a severance payment--
of an amount exceeding the aggregate of $8,000 and half of that
part
he applicant's entitlement to severance payment in excess of
$8,000;
Replaced 45 of 1991 s. 3)
the liability for payment of which arose more than 4 months prior
to
date of application. (Added 38 of 1989 s. 4)
Subsection (2) (e) (ii) shall not apply to wages in lieu of
notice
ing out of a contract of employment terminated before the
commencement
he Protection of Wages on Insolvency (Amendment) Ordinance 1989
(38 of
). (Added 38 of 1989 s. 4)
) The Legislative Council may be
lution amend the period specified in subsection (2) (e) (i) (A)
or the
nt specified in subsection (2) (b), (e) (i) (B) or (f) (i).
(Added 48
987 s. 4. Amended 15 of 1993 s. 3)
nded 48 of 1987 s. 4; 38 of 1989 s. 4)
Review by Board
Any applicant aggrieved by any decision of the Commissioner
under
ion 16 may in writing--
request the Commissioner to give reasons for that decision; and
after being given reasons under paragraph (a),
request the
issioner to refer the application to the Board.
Upon receiving a request from an applicant under subsection (1)
(b),
Commissioner shall forward all documents relating to the
application
he Chairman of the Board.
The Board may confirm or vary any decision of the Commissioner
on an
ication referred to it under this section or may for those
purposes
ire the Commissioner to make further inquiries relating
to the
ication.
Additional power of Commissioner
Notwithstanding that in any particular case a petition referred
to in
ion 16 (1) (a) (i) or (b) has not been presented against an
employer,
Commissioner may, subject to subsection (2) of that section,
make an
ratia payment under that section in that case if in his opinion--
nded, 41 of 1988 s. 3)
the employer employs less than 20 employees;
sufficient evidence exists to support the presentation of a
petition
hat case on the ground--
if the employer is a company, that he is unable to pay his debts;
or
if the employer is a person other than a company, that
he has
itted an act of bankruptcy; and
it is unreasonable or uneconomic to present a petition in that
case.
Where the Commissioner exercises his discretion under
subsection (1)
ake payment, he shall give notice in the Gazette stating that,
in his
ion, sufficient evidence exists to support the
presentation of a
tion on the ground--
if the employer is a company, that he is unable to pay his debts;
or
if the employer is a person other than a company, that
he has
itted an act of bankruptcy.
Nothing in subsection (2) shall require the Commissioner to give
more
one notice in respect of each employer.
No action shall lie against the Commissioner in respect of any
notice
n under subsection (2).
Verification of application
For the purpose of verifying any application under section 15,
or if
equired by the Board under section 17 (3), the Commissioner may
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